Keftab, the brand name for cephalexin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic prescribed for the treatment of a wide spectrum of bacterial infections. It operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to osmotic instability and cell death. This oral medication is highly effective against gram-positive organisms and some gram-negative bacteria, making it a frontline choice for clinicians managing outpatient infections. Its reliable absorption and proven efficacy profile have established it as a cornerstone in antibacterial therapy.

Features

• Active pharmaceutical ingredient: Cephalexin monohydrate
• Available in 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg oral tablets
• Bioavailability of approximately 90% when taken orally
• Rapid absorption with peak serum concentrations within 1 hour
• Excreted largely unchanged in the urine
• Demonstrated in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis

Benefits

• Effectively eradicates susceptible bacterial pathogens, resolving infection symptoms
• Rapid onset of action helps patients experience symptom relief quickly
• Convenient oral administration supports outpatient treatment and adherence
• Well-established safety profile with extensive clinical use history
• Lower risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea compared to broader-spectrum antibiotics
• Cost-effective generic availability increases accessibility for patients

Common use

Keftab (cephalexin) is indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in the following conditions: respiratory tract infections (including pharyngitis and tonsillitis), skin and skin structure infections, bone infections, genitourinary tract infections (including acute prostatitis), and otitis media. It is also used for surgical prophylaxis in certain procedures. The selection of Keftab should be based on susceptibility testing where possible, though empirical therapy is often initiated based on known local susceptibility patterns.

Dosage and direction

The dosage of Keftab must be individualized based on the infection site, severity, and the patient’s renal function. For most infections in adults, the usual dose is 250 mg every 6 hours, or 500 mg every 12 hours. For more severe infections, doses may be increased to 500 mg every 6 hours or 750 mg every 12 hours. For streptococcal pharyngitis, skin and skin structure infections, and uncomplicated cystitis, a dosage of 500 mg every 12 hours may be adequate.

Pediatric dosing is typically based on weight: 25-50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6-12 hours. For otitis media, the recommended dose is 75-100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses.

All doses should be administered with a full glass of water, and may be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. The full prescribed course should be completed even if symptoms improve earlier to prevent antibiotic resistance.

Precautions

Before prescribing Keftab, carefully assess patient history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other drugs. Use with caution in patients with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. Renal function should be assessed, with dosage adjustments necessary for patients with creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min. Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi. Monitor for signs of superinfection. Keftab should be prescribed with caution in pregnant women only when clearly needed, and nursing mothers should consider suspending breastfeeding during treatment as cephalexin is excreted in human milk.

Contraindications

Keftab is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any component of the formulation. Cross-hypersensitivity may occur in patients allergic to penicillins; approximately 10% of penicillin-allergic patients will have reactions to cephalosporins. Do not administer to patients who have experienced anaphylactic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Possible side effect

The most common adverse reactions involve the gastrointestinal system and include diarrhea (occurring in up to 9% of patients), nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia. Hypersensitivity reactions ranging from maculopapular rash and urticaria to Stevens-Johnson syndrome and anaphylaxis may occur. Other reported side effects include genital pruritus, vaginitis, dizziness, fatigue, headache, and reversible interstitial nephritis. Transient elevations in hepatic enzymes have been observed. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with use.

Drug interaction

Probenecid may decrease renal tubular secretion of cephalexin, resulting in increased and prolonged blood levels. Concomitant use with potent diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Cephalexin may produce false-positive reactions for glucose in the urine with Benedict’s solution, Fehling’s solution, or with Clinitest tablets. It may cause false-positive direct Coombs test results. Oral contraceptives may have reduced efficacy; recommend alternative contraception during therapy.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Maintaining consistent antibiotic levels is important for efficacy, so patients should be counseled on adherence strategies.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. In cases of significant overdose, serum levels may be reduced by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Management should include supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. No specific antidote exists for cephalexin overdose.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Keep container tightly closed and protect from moisture. Dispense in original container. Keep out of reach of children. Do not use after the expiration date printed on the packaging.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment decisions. The prescribing physician should be familiar with the complete prescribing information before administering Keftab. Dosage must be individualized based on the patient’s specific condition, renal function, and susceptibility of the causative organisms.

Reviews

“Keftab has been a reliable choice in my practice for uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections. The predictable pharmacokinetics and generally favorable side effect profile make it appropriate for outpatient management.” - Infectious Disease Specialist, 15 years experience

“In pediatric otitis media, Keftab provides effective coverage against the most common pathogens with good tolerability. The availability of multiple strength options allows for precise dosing based on weight.” - Pediatrician, 12 years experience

“I’ve prescribed cephalexin for decades with consistent results for susceptible UTIs and respiratory infections. The generic availability makes it accessible while maintaining quality standards.” - Internal Medicine Physician, 28 years experience

“While newer antibiotics have emerged, Keftab remains relevant for targeted therapy when susceptibility is confirmed. Its narrow spectrum helps preserve broader options for more complex infections.” - Clinical Pharmacist, 10 years experience