Albenza: Targeted Treatment for Parasitic Infections
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Synonyms | |||
Albenza (albendazole) is an anthelmintic medication specifically formulated to combat a range of parasitic worm infections. As a broad-spectrum agent, it works by inhibiting microtubule synthesis in parasitic cells, leading to energy depletion and eventual death of the helminth. This medication is particularly valued in clinical practice for its efficacy against both tissue and intestinal parasites, making it a cornerstone in parasitic disease management. Proper diagnosis and medical supervision are essential for determining appropriate treatment protocols.
Features
- Active ingredient: Albendazole 200mg or 400mg tablets
- Mechanism: Selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in parasitic cells
- Bioavailability: Enhanced approximately 5-fold when administered with a fatty meal
- Metabolism: Rapidly converted to active sulfoxide metabolite in the liver
- Excretion: Primarily through bile with minimal renal clearance
- Formulation: Scored tablets allowing for dose adjustment
Benefits
- Effectively eliminates parasitic organisms through vermicidal action
- Provides treatment for both larval and adult stages of susceptible parasites
- Reduces risk of complications associated with parasitic infestations
- Offers convenient once or twice daily dosing regimen depending on indication
- Demonstrates good penetration into cysts and tissues
- Minimizes recurrence when used as part of comprehensive treatment protocol
Common use
Albenza is indicated for the treatment of various parasitic infections including neurocysticercosis caused by larval forms of pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), hydatid disease caused by dog tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus), and intestinal infections such as giardiasis, pinworm, hookworm, and roundworm. It may also be used off-label for other helminthic infections as determined by infectious disease specialists based on clinical presentation and diagnostic findings.
Dosage and direction
Dosage varies significantly based on the specific parasitic infection, patient weight, and clinical response. For neurocysticercosis: 400mg twice daily with meals for 8-30 days. For hydatid disease: 400mg twice daily with meals for 28-day cycles followed by 14-day drug-free intervals, typically repeating for 3 cycles. For intestinal parasites: single 400mg dose often suffices. Pediatric dosing is weight-based at 15mg/kg/day (maximum 800mg daily). Tablets should be swallowed whole with water during fatty meals to enhance absorption. Complete the full prescribed course even if symptoms improve earlier.
Precautions
Monitor complete blood counts before and during therapy due to potential bone marrow suppression. Hepatic enzymes should be checked before treatment initiation and periodically during therapy. Use effective contraception during and for one month after treatment due to potential teratogenic effects. Consider corticosteroid administration concurrently for neurocysticercosis to minimize inflammatory reactions to dying parasites. Patients with retinal lesions should be closely monitored. Not recommended for prolonged use without medical supervision.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to albendazole, benzimidazole derivatives, or any component of the formulation. Pregnancy (category C) due to demonstrated embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in animal studies. Breastfeeding should be discontinued during therapy. Patients with known hepatic impairment require careful risk-benefit assessment. Not recommended for children under 1 year old due to limited safety data.
Possible side effect
Common reactions include: elevated liver enzymes (19%), abdominal pain (6%), nausea (4.6%), vomiting (4.1%), headache (3.4%), dizziness (1.7%), and transient leukopenia (1.1%). Less frequently reported: rash, fever, alopecia (reversible), and increased intracranial pressure in neurocysticercosis patients. Rare but serious: agranulocytosis, pancytopenia, hepatitis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Most adverse effects are dose-related and reversible upon discontinuation.
Drug interaction
Cimetidine, dexamethasone, and praziquantel may increase albendazole sulfoxide levels. Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital) may decrease albendazole levels. Theophylline levels may be increased when co-administered with albendazole. May potentiate effects of other bone marrow suppressants. Monitor patients closely when using with other hepatotoxic medications.
Missed dose
Take the missed dose as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Maintain regular dosing intervals to ensure consistent therapeutic levels. If multiple doses are missed, consult healthcare provider for guidance on resuming therapy.
Overdose
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or headache. In cases of significant overdose, bone marrow suppression, liver enzyme elevations, or other serious adverse effects may occur. There is no specific antidote. Treatment is supportive with gastric lavage if presented early. Monitor hematological parameters and liver function tests. Hemodialysis is unlikely to be effective due to high protein binding.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C or 68-77°F) in original container. Protect from light and moisture. Keep tightly closed and out of reach of children. Do not use after expiration date printed on packaging. Do not transfer tablets to other containers as this may affect stability.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Dosage and treatment duration should be determined by a physician based on individual patient factors. The prescriber should be familiar with the complete prescribing information before initiating therapy.
Reviews
Clinical studies demonstrate efficacy rates of 80-95% for various parasitic infections when used appropriately. In neurocysticercosis trials, albendazole showed significant reduction in seizure frequency and parasite resolution on imaging. For hydatid disease, studies report cyst disappearance or reduction in 70-90% of cases after multiple cycles. Gastroenterologists report high success rates for intestinal parasites with single-dose therapy. Most reviews note the importance of proper diagnosis and adherence to treatment protocols for optimal outcomes.